山葡萄组培苗与扦插苗的生长差异初报

以山葡萄组培苗和扦插苗为研究对象,通过样本T检验可知：组培苗、扦插苗的苗高、地径和根长因子在2005年、2006年生长量存在显著差异;2005年、2006年组培苗和扦插苗在3个因子上差异达到显著水平。     

白簕的春季硬枝扦插技术研究

[目的]探讨1年生白簕硬枝扦插繁殖技术。[方法]对影响插穗生根的插穗类型、激素种类、激素质量分数、激素处理时间以及基质种类5个因素进行研究。[结果]运用正交试验筛选出最佳组合A2B1C2D3E3即0．5cm〈直径〈0.8cm的中部插穗,用100mg／kg的IBA处理6h,以园土：河沙=2：1为基质,进行扦插育苗效果最好。[结论]白簕硬枝插穗属于综合性生根类型,即侧芽基部生根为主,易生根,根系发达,只有部分属于切口愈伤组织和皮部生根。     

Norway spruce emblings as cutting donors for tree breeding and production

In the Nordic countries, Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a major species in tree breeding. In order to facilitate breeding work and availability of highly bred forest regeneration material, the time required for breeding and implementation of results should be shortened. This could be done by accelerating production of clonal material for field testing, and possibly for planting stock, by combining production of rooted cuttings with somatic embryogenesis (SE). This would allow efficient production of numerous plants of the same genotype, with equal age and propagation history between genotypes. In the present work, we studied the rooting potential of cuttings from Norway spruce emblings. Altogether 36 clones from 12 families representing elite breeding materials and ornamental forms were examined under different rooting conditions (container type and rooting media) in 2015 and 2016. Our results show that Norway spruce emblings are good donors for cuttings. Best combination (peat–vermiculite mixture and Plantek 81f containers) resulted in 91% rooting, variation among the tested clones of elite breeding materials being 55–100% per treatment. The rooting variation between families is acceptable for breeding purposes. High rooting (87–96%) of ornamental forms indicates propagation potential with the combination of SE and rooted cuttings.     

南京椴嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素的变化

以南京椴嫩枝插穗为研究对象,采用1 000 mg·kg-1 IBA粉剂处理插穗基部,对扦插生根过程中插穗皮部生长素IAA、玉米素核苷ZR、赤霉素GA3、脱落酸ABA含量以及IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值进行动态测定,探究嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素变化特点及其对生根的影响。结果表明:1)IBA处理可以显著促进南京椴嫩枝插穗生根,生根率接近67%;其生根过程可划分为愈伤组织形成期、根原基诱导期、不定根形成期和不定根生长期,各自对应时间约为10 d。2)IBA处理可以提高嫩枝插穗中IAA含量,IAA对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有较为直接的影响作用,其含量升高有利于生根;GA3含量增加有利于根原基形成,而低水平GA3则更有利于不定根的生长;ABA和ZR含量升高不利于插穗生根,对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有抑制作用;IAA、ABA在插穗根原基诱导和不定根形成过程中具有相互协调作用,IAA/ABA可作为衡量南京椴嫩枝扦插生根能力的指标。3)外源IBA处理可以促进插穗内IAA含量升高,调节ABA、ZR、GA3含量降低,促使IAA/ABA在诱导生根期快速增大,通过相关激素的调控,使插穗向有利于促进生根的生理状态转变。     

4个国庆盆菊品种扦插繁殖

以自主选育的国庆盆菊Chysanthemum morifolium品种金陵皇冠Jinling Huangguan金陵阳光Jinling Yangguang金陵娇黄Jinling Jiaohuang金陵紫衫Jinling Zishan为材料,以生根率、根数、最长根长、平均根长、根径、根鲜质量6项指标衡量扦插生根效果,研究了扦插基质、穴盘规格（50孔、72孔、128孔、288孔）、萘乙酸（NAA）处理（0,250,500,750,1 000 mgL－1）和插穗冷藏（4 ℃条件下分别冷藏0,14,28,42 d）对扦插生根的影响。结果表明:除插穗冷藏处理外,其余处理对插条生根率无影响,生根率均为100％;草炭 ∶ 蛭石=1 ∶ 1为最佳基质组合,其次为草炭 ∶ 珍珠岩=1 ∶ 1;随着穴盘孔数增多,生根效果下降;不同品种对NAA质量浓度的反应存在差异,但在500～750 mgL－1范围内,可显著增加根长和根鲜质量;冷藏42 d后成活率下降,但可促进金陵阳光的生根数量,冷藏14 d可促进金陵阳光的最长根长和平均根径。表4参8     

Clonal propagation of Pterocarpus santalinoides L'Hér. ex DC.: the effect of substrate,cutting type,genotype and auxin

Pterocarpus santalinoides is a multipurpose tree species, native to Africa and South America. However, excessive pruning for fodder is jeopardising its seed production leading to poor regeneration in the Sahel region. Efficient vegetative propagation techniques may overcome this concern. To address this issue, four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of substrate (Experiment 1), cutting type (Experiments 2 and 3), genotype (Experiment 4) and auxins (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) on rooting ability in a non-mist propagating unit in Mali. Among the four tested substrates, no significant differences were found in rooting parameters, including the percentage of rooted cuttings, the number of roots and secondary roots per rooted cutting, and the length of the longest root per rooted cutting. Semi-hardwood cuttings rooted significantly better than softwood cuttings with a higher percentage of rooted cuttings (31.7?±?6.5% vs. 9.2?±?2.7%), greater number of roots (8.2?±?4.8 vs 1.5?±?0.7), greater number of secondary roots (16.7?±?4.2 vs 4.6?±?1.8) and longer root length (17.8?±?12.0?cm vs 2.3?±?1.0?cm) per rooted cutting. In addition, one-node cuttings cut below the second and third nodes, respectively, had the highest rooting success (88% and 90%, respectively) followed by cuttings cut below the fourth node (68%) and the first node (62%). Significant differences in the percentage of rooted cuttings were found among 12 randomly selected genotypes with rooting varying from 2% to 75%.The results also showed that auxin application, especially IBA, had a significant effect on rooting success, the number of roots and secondary roots per rooted cutting. Single-node cuttings, and cuttings of 10?cm length with multiple softwood and semi-hardwood nodes, can be used with or without auxin treatment for successful clonal propagation of P. santalinoides. The results of the present study indicated that P. santalinoides is amenable to clonal propagation using low-cost propagators and sand-based rooting media.     

马蹄荷容器扦插育苗技术试验研究

通过设置5种不同生根促进剂浓度(Q)、4种不同生根促进剂种类(G)对马蹄荷扦插生根率、生根数的影响差异进行研究;通过设置不同木质化程度的插穗(T)、不同长度插穗(M)对马蹄荷扦插生根率、生根数的影响差异进行研究。结果表明:浓度为650×10~(-6)(Q_4)生根促进剂ABT-1#(G_3)处理插穗,对马蹄荷扦插效果最好,平均生根率达70.6%,生根数达10.7条;长度为14cm(M_3)的半木质化绿枝(T_2),对马路蹄荷扦插效果最佳,平均生根率达78.7%,生根数达12.9条。     

中华金叶榆嫩枝扦插繁殖技术1）

以中华金叶榆（ Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’）为试材,剪取当年生枝条中上部做插穗,每个插穗保留2片叶子,用ABT 1000 mg· L－1溶液处理插穗10 s,分别扦插在河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭、V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1、V （珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝3∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝1∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝3∶1,8种基质上,探究不同扦插基质对插穗生根的影响;采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,即选用ABT、IBA、NAA 3种生根促进剂,每种生根促进剂设计500、1000、1500 mg· L－13个质量浓度梯度,处理时间为10、30、60 s,扦插在V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1的基质中,筛选金叶榆嫩枝扦插最佳生根促进剂及处理时间。结果表明：蛭石为最佳基质,插穗生根率为89．17％,平均根数为10条,平均根长为12．92 cm,最长根长为38．5 cm。正交试验结果表明：用质量浓度为500 mg· L－1的IBA生根促进剂处理30 s得到的生根效果较好,生根率为82．22％,平均根长为21．12 cm,平均根数为17条。通过spss软件中的多重比较法分析推测得出,采用1500 mg· L－1 IBA生根促进剂处理插穗基部30 s,得到的金叶榆插穗生根率将会更高。     

旋转挖孔灌注桩在跨线工程中的应用

文中介绍旋钻挖孔灌注桩在常州西绕城高速公路新区互通跨线桥工程中的应用,通过现场施工方案的比选,表明在跨线桥工程中应用旋挖钻成孔,比传统的回旋钻成孔施工速度快、交通干扰小、泥浆用量少、更加环保;然后从钻孔灌注桩的整个施工工艺过程出发,具体分析旋挖钻在护筒埋设、钻机就位和钻进作业时与回旋钻的区别;总结了旋转挖孔灌注桩在跨线桥施工中的施工要点,包括钻进速度的控制、下钻提钻的注意事项、原路面的保护措施、泥浆的制备方法、钻渣的清理和施工安全等方面。     

IBA生根剂对卡罗来纳杜鹃插条生根的影响

卡罗来纳杜鹃是一种优美的常绿灌木,原产美国东部沿海并能耐-33℃的低温.由于该植物无性繁殖技术困难,限制了其及其栽培变种在园林中的应用.于10月份采集卡罗来纳杜鹃的木质化枝条,在美国缅因大学的植物繁殖温室中进行扦插繁殖.处理后的插穗被随机放在具有恒温(24℃)低温加热的苗床上.结果表明:IBA对卡罗来纳杜鹃木质化插条的生根有显著影响,IBA处理后的插条生根率为25.0%～84.4%,对照没有生根.IBA浓度对插条生根也有显著影响,处理Ⅳ即先快蘸液态KIBA(8 000 mg/L)再迅速蘸取粉状IBA(8 000 mg/L)的插条生根率最高为84.4%;当IBA浓度≤8 000 mg/L时,生根率≤43.8%;液态.KIBA 16 000mg/L 的浓度太高会使插穗出现烧死现象;当KIBA浓度为200 mg/L和400 mg/L时,浸泡插穗24 h后生根率分别为31.3%和37.5%.IBA的类型及处理浓度对根质量(根体积)有显著影响,混合处理Ⅳ的生根质量最好,体积为38.9cm3;KIBA浓度200 mg/L时浸泡24 h后处理的插穗生根体积最小,为12.1 cm3.生根插穗移人低温储藏8周后,可移栽和培育出圃.